Sodium Monensin, isolated from Streptomyces cinnamonensis, is a well-known representative of naturally polyether ionophore antibiotics.

Astragaloside may protect against brain contusion and neuronal apoptosis after TBI by attenuating microglia activation in male rats.

Substance P (7-11) is a C-terminal fragment of Substance P, which can cause an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration as measured by the fluorescent dye Fura-2. In addition, the C-terminal fragment of SP, SP-(7-11), increased PGE2 and collagenase production at concentrations greater than 1 mM.